Program Design Essay

Your last venture will be to dissect, structure, and archive a straightforward program that uses a decent plan process and fuses successive, determination and dull programming proclamations just as at any rate one capacity call and the utilization of at any rate one exhibit. The particular issue you have to illuminate for the last task is: Design a program that will permit a client to Input a rundown of your relatives alongside their age and state where they live. Decide and print the normal age of your family and print the names of any individual who live in Texas. 1. Issue definition: Design a program that will permit a client to Input a rundown of your relatives alongside their age and state where they dwell. Decide and print the normal age of your family and print the names of any individual who live in Texas. Note: Your pseudcode, stream graph and experiments will be submitted one week from now. 1 a) Write the issue explanations as of what is expected to take care of this issue. Ans 1a)First, I should make a program that will permit the client to enter a rundown of their relatives that will incorporate their age and condition of home. The program will likewise register and print out the normal age of the family just as print out the names of each relative that dwells in the province of Texas. 1 b) Write your examination of the issue and the structure moves toward that you will take to take care of this issue. Ans 1b) To start with, I should initially recognize the info data. From the difficult definition, I accumulated that I will have 3 sorts of info information and they are: Family Members Names, Age, and State of Residence. The yield information will comprise of the normal age of the considerable number of individuals from the family. Additionally I need a yield printout of every relative that live in Texas. Subsequently, in my program I should have the option to permit the client to include the data expected to figure the normal age of the family. To figure the yield, I needâ to make an equation that will give us the right yield data. The accompanying equation can be utilized to accomplish the ideal yield: Normal Age of Family rises to the aggregate of relatives ages partitioned by the quantity of relatives Family that lives in Texas = Show the names of all relatives IF they live in Texas To start my structure, I have to set up the factors that will control both our info data and yield information. For my info information, I will utilize Name to recognize the relatives name. Name will be set as String Array information. I will utilize StateRes to distinguish the condition of home for every relative. StateRes will likewise be set as String Array type information. I will utilize AgeOfMem to perceive the relatives age and it will be set as an Integer Array information type. To get the entirety of this data in a table configuration, I should make an exhibit so as to show the information sources and yields appropriately. My yield factors, they will be AvegAgeFam to distinguish the Average age of the Family. This information will be set as Float because of the way that a normal number could be a decimal worth. So to speak to the yield of demonstrating all family that live in Texas, I will utilize ResOfTexas as a String information type. Presently to answer meet the prerequi sites of this task, I should make a capacity. I’m going to make a capacity that will yield the Average age of the Family. I’m going to use the Count work so we can likewise aggregate and show what number of relatives live in Texas. Included will be the names of the capacity. The accompanying equation will speak to our Count work: Function AveAge (Age, Total, Count) As Float Set AveAge = Total/Count We should remember circles for this program. The circles will be utilized to incite the client to enter the data until the client is finished. The Count capacity will be utilized to help compute the Average Family Age. There will likewise be an IF component added to enable the program to make sense of the relatives that live in Texas. 1 c) Write the presumptions and restrictions and how they will be dealt with in your undertaking. Ans 1c) In my task, there are various presumptions and confinements that are being taken care of in the pseudo code. As a matter of first importance, this program is just intended to compute the normal age of all the relatives that the client will include. There is no other computation that the program has been intended to do. Besides, the program doesn't give the client any alternative or opportunity to come back to contributing all the more relatives in the event that they neglected to do as such toward the start. This program was not intended to have a set cutoff to what number of sources of info the client could enter. This rundown could prop up endlessly. This program is made to ascertain and show both the Average time of relatives and the inhabitants who live in Texas. In the event that the client needed to show only one of the outcomes, the client would need to do the entire program just to get one of the outcomes. This is being taken care of by the pseudo code just having t he option to deal with the computations that are set. The client doesn't be able to tell the program what number of relatives will be entered before the client starts. To deal with that, the Count work is being utilized in the psuedocode to get the right yield. 1 d) Provide an elective investigation and configuration approach demonstrating an alternate method to tackle a similar issue meaning of relative in Texas. As you have scholarly, a solitary issue can be explained in more than one route by utilizing diverse programming develop, by picking various rationales and so forth. Reveal to us an alternate method of tackling a similar issue. Ans 1d)  Now I should think of a substitute structure. I should ensure that my despite the fact that my plan will change, the yield of the first issue must continue as before. I will likewise need to keep a similar client contributions also. Adopting an alternate strategy in my pseudocode will roll out these improvements conceivable. So for my second investigation, the client sources of info will continue as before from the first issue. The Family individuals Age, State, and Name will in any case beâ used. Nonetheless, this time we will manufacture modules to have the option to call up information when required. We should call out subprograms so as to get the outcomes we want.. Regardless, we have to begin with a Main module. This module is the place the whole program is worked out of. It’s likewise where the client input is entered in. The primary module is the leader of the entirety of the modules that will be talked about straightaway. I will likewise make consider modules under the fundamental module that will be set up to ascertain the normal age of the relatives and to print out the names of those living in Texas. Next I will make the second module which is the Call Module. This module will hold the figurings to process the normal age of all the relatives that the client enters. At long last, I shou ld manufacture an outcomes module. In this module, the client entered family names will be utilized as information. Then again, the yield might be those names of the family who live in Texas. This procedure will be led when we put an IF explanation inside the module. Presently I will build my new structure. Along these lines, much the same as the plan previously, I have to proclaim my factors. The factors will and ought to be the equivalent because of the way that the ideal yield has not changed. Thusly my pronounced factors will comprise of the accompanying: Declare Name As String Array, Declare StateRes As StringArray, Declare AgeOfMem As Integer Array, Declare AveAgeFam As Float, Declare ResOfTexas As String, and Declare Count As Integer. Computations Module In this module, will utilize the recipe that was utilized before in the principal structure. It is this recipe that will process the normal age of the family. The normal age will be dictated by the whole of all the family members’ ages separated by the quantity of relative. In this way if Count was equivalent to 2 and AgeOfMem [0] was equivalent to 16, and Age [1] = 20. So the AveAgeFam was equivalent to AgeOfMem[0] + Age[1] partitioned by Count This would be a sum of 16 + 20/2 = 18. At long last, I would need to concoct a route for the names of individuals who live in Texas to be printed out. The psuedocode would utilize the StateRes arrayâ data type to scan for the client contribution of â€Å"Texas†. At that point, it would show the names related with that specific component. So on the off chance that State[1] was equivalent to Texas, at that point any name, for example, Name[1]=James inside the name exhibit would be printed. Consequently, the yield would resemble this: â€Å"James†. This measured structure would be a substitute method to finish indistinguishable outcomes and yield from initially depicted in the primary model. The significant bits of this plan comprises of the exhibits, modules, capacities, and the circles. This will give us the yields that are required from the underlying inquiries posed.

M1A3 - Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M1A3 - Conflict - Essay Example Battle for control and strength inside a social setting, for example, professional workplace will prompt an impasse in the relational connections among the people. A few practices that are related with power battles incorporate sentiments of trickiness, control and destruction (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). Be that as it may, constructive force practices, for example, influence will limit the relational clashes inside a gathering. Another component of relational clashes is the distinctions in perceptual and intellectual elements. People will in general accomplish uniqueness and social personality inside the social gathering accordingly person who neglect to adjust to aggregate qualities are victimized in social cooperations (Rahim, 2011). High social predominance direction will advance the gathering based chains of command for the high influential people in the gathering (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). Social gathering variables, for example, the degree of cohesiveness, bu nch character, congruity weight and dynamic techniques will impact the viability of compromise among the gathering individuals. All people inside the gathering endeavor to achieve a higher social regard and gathering character. Notwithstanding, bunch elements, for example, force threatening vibe between the individuals, dread, misdirection and doubt will heighten the degree of contention inside the gathering (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). PSDM model of relational compromise The PSDM model of dynamic and critical thinking is essential to compromise inside a gathering. As indicated by the model, compromise involves four stages that incorporate conclusion stage, distinguishing proof of elective arrangements, assessment and determination of adequate other option lastly dynamic and usage stage. The determination stage includes distinguishing proof of the wellspring of the contention. The gatherings must participate in recognizing the contention sources (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). Moreover, the gatherings must maintain a strategic distance from any ruinous practices, for example, accusing others during this stage. The subsequent stage is ID of elective arrangements through conceptualizing. An agenda is utilized in meetings to generate new ideas so as to invigorate inventiveness. The third stage is assessment and determination of an adequate arrangement (Rahim, 2011). This stage involves thought the different other options and deciding the best in settling the contention (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). The gatherings can use a reference casing, for example, capacity to achieve social attachment, capacity to accomplish bunch destinations and decency to all gatherings. The last stage is dynamic and usage of the arrangement through changing the qualities, mentalities and correspondence channels inside the gathering. Hypothesis of collaboration and rivalry The hypothesis was progressed by Morton Deutsch and later expounded by David W. Johnson. The hyp othesis stresses on the relationship of the objectives of the gatherings to the contention. The objectives of the gatherings must be emphatically related so as to cultivate helpful compromise (Rahim, 2011). Objective association is then joined with mental procedures, for example, perspectives, substitutability and inducibility (Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus, 2006). The hypothesis targets controlling damaging rivalry inside the gathering and cultivating participation through upgrading bunch attachment and issue perception. The

Was Aristotle Right or Wrong free essay sample

Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? Jennifer L. Chadwick Grand Canyon University Biology Concepts Lab June 1, 2011 Resource 1: Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? Bearings The activity underneath presents a situation that starts with a perception made by Aristotle (fourth century BC). The hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation, which proposes that life began from lifeless issue, was mainstream in the old world. Your task is to apply the logical strategy starting with Aristotle’s perception by addressing the inquiries in this document.All your reactions to this task ought to be founded on the data given on â€Å"Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? † Scenario Imagine that you live in the fourth century BC. You and Aristotle (your companion and partner of numerous years) are discussing the numerous miracles of the universe when your companion mentions the accompanying objective fact: â€Å"So with creatures, some spring from parent creatures as indicated by their sort, while others develop immediately and not from related stock; and of these examples of unconstrained age some originate from rotting earth or vegetable issue, similar to the case with various insects†¦. We will compose a custom article test on Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Wilkins, 2004, para. 12) Well, you ponder internally, Aristotle is a great companion and a similarly extraordinary person, yet you aren’t so secure with this Spontaneous age thing. Because he watched creepy crawlies emerging from ruined vegetables doesn’t imply that these bugs just showed up out of nowhere. Creepy crawlies dont just immediately emerge from ruined vegetables or, isn't that right? You choose to do your very own little research by following the means of the Scientific Method. I. Perception/QuestionIf vegetables are secured then no creepy crawlies will bring forth. III. Forecast This is more explicit than your speculation. What do you foresee will occur in your test? Your expectation will incorporate an announcement concerning the anticipated effect of your autonomous variable. By changing the condition that the vegetables are put away in and furthermore the atmosphere however keeping the vegetables secured the vegetables won't produce creepy crawlies. IV. Test Design a test as a device to see whether your expectation is correct or wrong.Remember that great analyses don't decide to demonstrate that a speculation is right, however to test whether it isn't right. Four lots of carrots, open crate, Tupperware holder, and cellophane. The benchmark group pack left on a plate, revealed on the counter. One experimental group outside in a bushel, one experimental group in the cooler in cellophane and one experimental group in Tupperware on a rack inside a kitchen organizer. Never open or open up the holders the carrots are in, simply see through the plastic at regular intervals until they start to decay. When they start to decay I will watch all the more as often as possible. The Independent Variable The free factor is the variable that you purposefully change. Free factor is the atmosphere the vegetables are kept in. The Dependent Variable The reliant variable is the variable that is being estimated. This is your information. It is the contrast between the test gathering and the benchmark groups after you change the autonomous variable. I will see what happens with respect to the bugs by what I did to change the earth they are kept in. The Controlled Variables Controlled factors are the vegetables. GCU style isn't required for the record in general, yet strong composing ability is normal. The analysis had three guineas pigs, carrots enveloped by cellophane in the ice chest, carrots in Tupperware in a kitchen pantry and carrots in a crate sitting outside. The control was carrots left on a plate on the counter. This test could be directed with various vegetables, foods grown from the ground meats at various seasons and in various atmospheres and I accept the outcomes would be the equivalent. Secured natural products, veggies or meats may get gross and malodorous whenever left to decay yet won't birth creepy crawlies.

Metaphors in Kings I Have a Dream Speech - Free Essay Example

Banking and seasonal metaphors in Martin Luther King I Have a Dream speech. Abstract. An artifact for analysis is a speech I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King which describes banking and seasonal metaphors. The speech was intended to improve the civil rights of the blacks and minority people in the United States. The speech urged the Civil Rights Act 1964 and the Voting Rights Act 1965 to be passed by US congress. Luther speech is a masterwork of political rhetoric in which he uses various metaphors such as the banking metaphor to explain how black people and the minority were oppressed and denied their rights. In the banking metaphor he relates the challenges that black people face to a blank note and how the American government does not honor their obligation of encouraging that all people have equal rights to vote and be treated fairly. He uses metaphors like the food and drink, buildings and nature to explain various issues faced by the black and minority people. Introduction. Metaphors can be used as artifacts when delivering various speeches to call upon the citizen to fight to various issues in their country. The speech by king appeals the American citizen to recognize the injustices in the country and the inequity experienced by the colored people. He not only speaks about the issues that have existed in the country but also calls upon the citizens to demand for change and fight against all this injustices. The cultural artifact by king inspires Americans to fight for equality and fairness of all people in the country despite their diverse differences. This artifact uses metaphors to influence the audience to explain to them the challenges they are facing and various actions which they can take. The artifact uses metaphoric critics to provide insight about the speech and express various influential arguments to the audience about the issues they face in reality. Context. The artifact has been recognized as one of the most powerful speeches in 20th century and it was a masterwork of political rhetoric. The importance of the speech has been analyzed by various individuals. The speech is a brilliant fashion but ironically it was not created well before March in Washington for jobs and freedom. King did not have all the ideas he was supposed to address to the audience and he gathered some during meeting with other March leaders (Hansen, P.68). He dedicated a lot of time to create the speech and the delivery itself. King used various metaphors in his speech to explain the issues that needed to be addressed in America. The metaphors include; banking, nature, food and drink. The artifact explains the various political, social, cultural and historical challenges faced by black and minority people in America. The speech is a clear reflection of his life and how racial tensions affected the blacks in their education. The blacks experienced injustices such as discrimination and in his speech he quoted how he could not get a house to rent just because he was a Negro. He explains in his speech that through his diffulties he also had the support of his wife. Just like the other black people he accepted several injustices done to him, like the bombing of his house through his religious experiences (Hansen, P.68). King talked about the policy of nonviolence which the oppressed black people and minorities can use when airing their grievance to the government. Martin Luther king Ir. was elected as the president of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) where he got a chance to move to the political governance of a fast growing public human freedoms movements.   Since he could not shy away from leadership opportunities he dealt with unwarranted arrests, police brutalities and many other issues experienced by black Americans and the minorities. The context of the life of Martin Luther king Jr was filled with various challenges which is a representation of the struggles which back people endure in America when fighting for injustices through the Civil Human rights Movements (Hanse, P.68). King had a powerful effect which was indirect to his audience and his life was a symbolic representation of the injustices experienced by the colored people. People can use Kings Life to examine if they have made any impact to the society, if they are doing things which can make the world a better place. The speech I Have a Dream explains about freedom as well as jobs. Audience during the delivery of the speech comprised of all races, black people and white people attended the event. The banking metaphor explained about the lack of civil rights for the colored people and minorities in America. Many people had joined movements to fight the injustices but they were given promises by the government which were never met (Hansen, 69). America has not honored the assurances they had promised the black people and they continue to oppress them through inequality and discrimination. King uses food and drink as a metaphor to correlate the drinking of liquids to the drinking of opinions and attitudes. He advises the blacks not to fight for their freedom with violence which can consist of anger and hatred towards others. In his speech he uses multifaceted metaphors of comparing liquid to political actions of various leaders. He also used the building metaphor to indicate the progress which people can make towards attaining a common goal (Hansen, P.69-70). He uses the metaphors of doors of opportunities and crossing a threshold to describe what is necessary for making the progress on civil rights about the blacks and minorities in United States. He explains that people can stand firm and fight for the justice of the oppressed and discriminated groups. Martin Luther King Junior uses various metaphors of nature in his speech such as storms, valleys and mountains among many others. In his speech he talks about the differences between the civil rights of blacks and whites and he compares them to the differences between light and shadow between a valley and the top of a mountain. He advises the audience that now is the time they can rise and fight for the injustices they have experienced for many years. He uses various metaphors to explain the difference between justice and injustice (Hansen, P.70). He compares justice to a solid rock and injustice to the desert. He states that the injustice systems can be converted to an oasis and freedom and justice. Being a strong religious person he beliefs that one day freedom will ring and all black people and minorities will celebrate together. Method for Analysis. Metaphoric criticism is a perspective method that is used to analyze the speech and it places the various metaphors used by Martin Luther King Jr at the heart of rhetorical action. This method believes that metaphors are means by which opinions are articulated. In addition, metaphors provide perception on an audiences social reality. In metaphoric criticism the center of rhetoric are metaphors themselves.   The speech I Have a Dream is analyzed from the perspective of metaphoric criticism which allows the critics to identify how the metaphors impact the speechmaking (Burgchardt, P.305).   Metaphors are opinions to an argument but in metaphoric criticism they are explained as arguments and they are themselves influential arguments. Audiences can be invited to analyze the meaning of the metaphors and this forces them to take the action of understanding the speech arguments. When audiences are pressed to pinpoint and practice the speech making there are greater chances that they will accept the arguments and act upon them. Artifacts can be analyzes through various steps which include; first becoming familiar with the artifact and its context, isolating the metaphors used by the rhetoric in order to develop an explanation for it. Metaphoric criticism is applied in analyzing the artifact by Martin Luther King Jr, he used various metaphors to explain the issues faced by the black Americans (Burgchardt, P.310). The metaphors include, banking, food and drink, buildings and the nature. Different authors have explained the metaphoric criticism in various ways. The authors are certain that the key to identification of the matrix within the speech by King is by identifying the exceptional pictures as well as the interacti ons between the, metaphors. Findings of the Analysis.   The speech I Have a Dream Martin Luther King Jr. greatly influences his audience and they can feel the real issues which he talks about. He makes his audience think in order to understand the issues which he addresses in the speech. He uses metaphors to express the various issues which are faced by black Americans and minority groups in America. The speech had great impact to his audience and he is acknowledged as the greatest citizen US due to his efforts to fight injustices. He stood to fight for those people who were struggling to benefit from opportunities in America for he was synonymous with faith, compassion, love and justice (Bilsky, P.136). in his social context he criticized the injustices and inequality experienced by black people in the places where he lived and also how he died was a subject to criticism in united states and also globally. He was deeply involved in movements which fought for human rights. The speech was momentous and historic and gave the audience the fuel to fight for human rights and one of the best oral presentations that has never been seen in America up to today. The context of the speech gives perfect explanation of Martin Luther king Jr life. The speech I Have a Dream when analyzed it gives a clear understanding of the various metaphors used and the metaphorical method used to analyze it and this shows how Martin Luther King Jr was effective in his arguments (Bilsky, P.137). He describes the many injustices at the time and in current and urges the audience to take actions in order to make changes to the systems. The best part of the speech by Martin Luther King Jr is the actual dream itself which is clear in America today. During the day of his speech he reached out to many people and he urged them to fight for what is right although they are many challenges experienced by them today and tomorrow, but they should always have a dream that the future will be better (Bilsky, P.137). The speech might remain multifaceted but the dream for the country is simple which is fairness for all and the duty of Americans to secure the rights for all and now is the time for such action. In his speech Martin Luther King Jr. uses various metaphors to explain various issues to his audience specifically in the first part of the speech. The metaphoric criticism method uses various procedures to analyze the artifact by Martin Luther King Jr and differentiate between various metaphors identified in the speech (Carson, P.5). The metaphors can be isolated to various groups and conflicting features identified. This assists every metaphor to identify its own characteristic. In his speech Martin Luther King contrasts various metaphors such as the metaphor light and dark which he states the various injustices experienced by the black Americans and he compares the issues to light and dark in his speech. He uses metaphors like a great inspiration of hope which is compared by the metaphor darkness. (Bilsky, P.138). Martin Luther King Jr uses the differences to state the importance of Liberation Assertion for the black people. He uses the metaphor of dark and desolate valley to cont rast with the metaphor of sunlit path of racial justice. which are contrasting images to try to force the audience find the path which they value most. The metaphors of light and dark symbolize the resilient optimistic and undesirable relations for existence and development intentions. This descriptions prompt extreme judgement values which are expected to bring about important value responses from the audience. The light and dark metaphors are used together in the speech to indicate the various valued attitudes of the black and the white people. The combination of the metaphors can be used to represent the self-assurance and hopefulness this is for the reason that both are divergent environmental potentials (Bilsky, P.138). The use of the metaphors of light and dark is quite effective in Martin Luther King Jr speech, the white people are not contented with the current injustices they are facing and they are ready to take actions of progress. Confidence and optimism are the two most important qualities which Martin Luther King Jr wanted to translate unto his audience. Martin Luther King Jr also used other metaphors like hot and cold in his speaking. The metaphors are identified towards the mid of the discourse which he talks about the oppressive summer of the Negro genuine dissatisfaction which cannot pass not until the oppressed people fight for their freedom and equality (Carson, P, 6). The freedom is describe by various metaphors like tenor while the metaphors scorching summertime and bracing season represents the tools used. In the speech the use of the metaphors of light and dark as well the metaphors of cold have same effects in the speech. The contrast between the two metaphors can lead to empowering of the audience who can take actions. The comparisons give the audience the opportunity to live in the present or establish new prospect for themselves. In his speech he uses various metaphors such as the soft and cold and also thirst and satisfaction metaphor. The metaphor of soft as well as cold are contrasted when Luther talks about the time which has come for the American people to rise and fight the injustices experiences by the black people and the minority groups in the country (Echols, P.5) In addition he urges the people not to seek the satisfaction our thirst for freedom by cultivating bitterness and hatred and hatred within themselves. The metaphor brings out the concepts of both thirst and satisfaction and how they can be attained. Martin Luther King Jr uses this metaphors effectively in his speech to represent his contrasting ideas. In his speech I Have a Dream Martin Luther King Jr makes use of various symbols to compare various situations. The use of metaphors is very effective and he made his audience to think and pushed them to take actions for injustices experienced in their time in America. Coming together of various oppressed people can create Human Rights movements which can push the government towards solving the issues at hand. The speech explains various issues in the political, social, historic and cultural aspects of peoples life in America. The various injustices he experienced in his life and other inequalities experienced by black people and minority groups in America were driving forces which made him to write the speech and deliver it to the audience. In his speech he wanted to motivate the oppressed groups and show them that there is hope for freedom when they fight for what his right (Echols, P.6). The black people had been oppressed for a very long time and they feared to rise and fight agai nst the inequalities. Martin Luther king advocated the use of nonviolent means when fighting for change as this will not cultivate hatred among themselves and the Oppressors. Although they were given many promises by the government none of them was fulfilled and the government continued to oppress those who rose to speak for the marginalized groups. Conclusion. There are many things which can be remembered in the artifact by Martin Luther King Jr I Have a Dream. The artifact had great impact to the audience, though Luther delivered it with use of various metaphors to bring out the various injustices experienced by the black people and the minority groups in America. The speech brought various changes to the oppressed as they had the power to rise and form civic right movements which can air their grievances to the government. Today in America the black and the minority people have the rights to vote and expresses their ideas like other white people in America. There is equality and fairness in the country which is one of the positive impacts of the speech in America and other parts of the world Work Cited. Bilsky, Manuel. I.A. Richards Theory of Metaphor. Modern Philology, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Nov. 1952): p. 130 137. JSTOR. 6 May 2010. Burgchardt, Carl. Readings in Rhetorical Criticism, 3rd Edition. State College, PA: Strata Publishing, 2005. Carson, Clayborne. The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Warner Books,    Echols, James. I Have a Dream Martin Luther King Jr. and the Future of Multicultural Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress, 2004. Hansen, Drew D. The Dream Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Speech that Inspired a Nation. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2003.

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 950 Words

†¢ Introduction (107 words) Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has long been abolished in Australia since 1967. Although our country does not sentence capital punishment, other countries do, and there is a worldwide argument on the whole topic. â€Å"Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial.† (BBC - Ethics: Capital punishment, 2014) Capital punishment is generally used in situations where the accused has committed particularly serious crimes, but in some countries treason, adultery, rapes and type of fraud are capital crimes. This essay will outline both the ‘for’ and ‘against’ positions on the topic of capital punishment. †¢ Arguments and Statistics For (344 words) There must be some positivity to the use of capital punishment, or it would not be used. There must be a reason for the use of capital punishment. George Walker Bush, 43rd President of the United States, declared, â€Å"I don’t think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I don’t think that’s right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people’s lives.† (Pro Death Penalty Quotes, 2014). This is indeed true. Perhaps a dangerous murderer has been caught, and he has not been sentenced to a death penalty. If he is released back to the public, there is very little chance that he will not set out to find his next victim. Obviously a dangerous murderer will not give up on his habits soShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. 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No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 - 1019 Words

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Growth of NYS Business Essay Example For Students

Growth of NYS Business Essay Growth of NYS BusinessApril 17, 1996For a number of reasons, business enterprise in NewYork grew by leaps and bounds between 1825 and 1860. New Yorks growth between the years 1825 and 1860 can be attributed to a numberof factors. These include but cannot be limited to the construction of the ErieCanal, the invention of the telegraph, the developed of the railroads, theestablishment of Wall Street and banking, the textile, shipping, agriculture andnewpaper industries, the development of steam power and the use of iron products. On October 26, 1825 the Erie Canal was opened. The canal immediately became animportant commercial route connecting the East with the Ohio and MississippiValleys. With tht time of travel cut to one-third and the cost of shippingfreight cut to one-tenthof the previous figures, commerce via the canal soonmade New York City the chief port of the Atlantic.The growing urbanpopulation and the contruction of canals, railroads and factories stimulated thedemand for raw materials and food stuffs.In 1836 four-fifths of the tonnageover the Erie Canal came from western New York (North, 105).Much of thiscargo was in the form of agriculture goods. The farmer become a shrewed businessaman of sorts as he tended to producewhatever products would leave him the greatest profit margin. The rise of thedairy industry was by far the most significant development in the agriculturalhistory of the state between 1825 and 1860. Farmers discovered that cows weretheir most relliable money-makers, since both the domestic and foreign marketkept demanding more dairy products (Ellis, 273). Price flucuations becameincreasingly important for the farming population between 1825 and 1860. Pricesrose from the low level of the early 1820s until the middle 1830s and thefarmers shared in the general prosperity (271). Although the rapidindustrialization and urbanization of New York had a great deal to do with thesuccess of agricultural markets sporadic demand from aboard as a result of theIrish famine, the Crimean War and the repeal of the Corn Laws in England alsocontributed(North, 141). During this period Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York andVirginia, in tha t order were the leading wheat growing states. Between theyears 1840 and 1850 New York ranked first in the production of beef. The absence of politic party differences on issues related to the the growth ofdemocracy existed in regard to the foremost economic questions, there wasabsolutely no partisan division evident in the movement to incorporate newfinancial institutions; rather , the primary factors , which the legislatorsexamined, concerned value, feasibility, profit and the location within the state. Dozens of turnpike proposals, most of which werebacked by the Republicans,passed the legislature; but the Federalists cooperated, seeing the chance forprofits. Prominent Federalists like John Rutherfurd, John Neilson, WilliamPaterson, John Bayard, and James Parkerinvested susstanial sums in theturnpike business. There were numerous Republicans who were also vitallyinterested in the turnpike business (Kass, 150).Bipartisan support alsoaccompanied plans for the construction of bridges and canals. All of the partiescontained a large number of adherents from from every level of economic well-being in society. This helps to expain the absence of any clear-cut partydifferences on the major economic issues of the such as the chartering of banks,the protestive tariff, internal improvements, the development of manufacturing,and the promotion of superior agricultural techniques. Each politcal factionhad segments both pro and con on most of these questions, and, inall cases itwas opprtunism, th e desire for profits, which was decisive in determining onespolitical position on these economic issues(175). New Yorks economic growth canalso be attributed to the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton had become a boomcrop in the south, however, plantation owners were either too engrossed in theproduction of their crops or too unschooled in business techiniques to handleits distribution. Some just did not want to be bothered. This opened thee doorfor agents representing New York shipping firms who were only too happy to helpthem out for a fee. This scheme not only earned the New York merchants ahandsome profit but also solved the problem that without cotton the ship ownerwould be hards preesed to find adequate cargoes for their return voyages. Andso it came about that New York in the nineteeth century became the nationsforemost shipper of cotton(Allen, 108-109). The cotton shipments entering NewYork harbor were brought to textile mills for processing.A group of New yorkcapitalist e stashlished the Harmony Cotton Manufacturing Company in Cohoes. Aheavy investment of capital caused the rapid growth of the factory system, whichwas mass production with integration of processes and produced a high qualitycotton cloth as well as other textiles(Ellis, 266). .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .postImageUrl , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:hover , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:visited , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:active { border:0!important; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:active , .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u698fd79bcc55f0a3411cd7d2887017cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Hill Of Fury: EssayThis set the scene for an industrial society by widening the market,manufacturing increased rapidly throughout this period, although developmentvaried enormously from industry to industry. Often developments were due toimprovements in technical processes such as the adoption of steam power andthe use of anthracite coal instead of charcoal by the iron industry.Themetallurgical industries emplyed thousands for skillful workers who produced avariety of iron and steel products, such as farm machinery, pistols, sewingmachines, clocks and stoves. These products were being produced using standardparts and multiple quantities(267). The iron industry made rapid progress as aresult of this processas well as the expansion of the railroad industry whichcreated increased demand for iron products. It can therefore be surmized thatoften growth in a one industry would cause increased demand for anotherindustrys product, hence the boom of both industries.The growth ofmanufacturing was the main impetus to expansion , the industrial base broadenedduring this period, reflecting the overall improvement in factor endowments formanufacturing. Equally important was the cost decline in transportation, whichopened up new sites for manufacturing development and reduced transport costsfor existing firms (North, 208). Production increases required a retail market. In November of 1858, R.H. Macy established a department store in New York Citysuccessfully implementing a fixed price policy on a large scale developed bysmall New York stores since 1840 establishing a n American retail sales custom(Spann, 125). Some additional elements that should mentioned include the founding of the NewYork Tribune by Horace Greely, the development of the telegraph by Samuel Morse,the colaboration of six New York newspapers who joined to pay telegragh costs offoreign news relayed from Boston, and the establishment of a New Yorkclearinghouse to facilitate banking operations. Research reveals that the reasons for the success of New Yorks businessenterprise between 1825 and 1860 were enumerous with no reason weighting moreheavily than another with the exception of as Ellis states that, Plank roads,railroads, canals, steamships-all had revolutionary effects on the economy ofNew York. The predominately self-sufficent farmer of pioneer days was graduallytramnsformed into a specialized commercial farmer sensitive to every shift inthe markets. The isolation of many rural communities was breaking down ascitzensand goods flowed freely in and out. Merchants in both the upstae andmetropolitan region, recognizing the crucial role of canals and railroads,looked with satisfaction upon the finest and most actively expandingtransportation network in the country. New York grew steadily in population,wealth, and trade largely to the splendid system of water and railtransportation promoted by its citizens in this period., but all entwinding tocreate a boom of business expa nsion during this period. It appeared as if wewere developing not only as a state but as a civilized nation whenever thisdevelopment would be curtailed by the onsloat of a civil war. Works CitedAllen, Oliver E. New York, New York: A History of the Worlds Most Exhilaratingand Challenging City. New York: Macmillan, 1990. Ellis, David M., et al. A History of New York State. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1967. Kass, Alvin. Politics in New York State, 1800 -1830. Syracuse: Syracuse UP,1965. North, Douglas C. The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790-1860. NewYork: Norton, 1966. Spann, Edward K. The New Metropolis: New York City, 1840-1857. New York:Columbia UP, 1981.

SPIDERS Essays - Venomous Spiders, Spider, Arachnid, Spinneret

SPIDERS Michelle Reynolds Pope Science January 06, 1999 Outline Title Introduction: I.The first sub-topic A. Distinctive Characteristics 1.Detail of the external anatomy 2.Detail of the sensory organs B.Circulation and locomotion 1.Detail of the circulitary system 2.Detail of the respiratory system II.The second sub-topic A.Digestion, Venom, and Spider Silk 1.Detail of the digestive system 2.Details of venom and spider silk Conclusion: Spiders are a very special unique and complexed Arachnids Michelle Reynolds Ms. Pope Science January 06, 1999 SPIDERS The word spider came from an Old English verb spinnan. Spinnan means ?to spin.? People in Eroupe see spiders with distaste, in African and in American cultures spiders are respected. Spiders are the most abundant and distinctive of all earthly predators. Most of the time they are not dangerous to us, spiders eat almost always insects and are found in places from the Tundras all the way to the low forrests They play abig job in taking care of the insect population, even the ones that can give us diseases. Distinctive Characteristics Even though insects and spiders belong to the group called, Arthopoda, they look so different from each other so they are put into different classes. The Insects and the Arachnids. Scientists think that these two classes split up thousands of years ago. External Anatomy Spiders come in different sizes, some of them are only 0.1 centimeter long,and some of the are more than 4 inches long. They have two body parts and eight legs. The spiders head and thorax are one body part. The thorax is the chest area of a spider. The abdomen or the stomache is the second body part Each leg has seven sections, and on the tips of many spiders legs are two tiny claws. Spiders that make a web use these claws and their notched hairs, to walk on their webs without sticking to them. Like insects, spiders have a body shell called an exoskeleton. This shell covers the body and the legs and keeps the spider from drying out. Much like our skin is to us. And to support the spider like our bones support us. Spiders even have a skelton inside called the internal skeleton. This is where the muscles attach. Unlike insects, spiders don't have antennaes. They do have two things near their mouths these are called pedipalps. They are used by spiders to handle their food. The palps of a baby male spider look like boxing gloves. When they grow up the palps are used for breeding. Sensory Organs Spiders have eight eyes in two groups and some spiders can see images. Others can't and they have to rely on feel like those on webs. Web weaving spiders eat, breed, and lay their eggs from silk threads. The main part of a spiders senses are two types of hair. The tiny ones have nerves. When these hairs are bent they send information to the brain and may cause it to run away or get ready to attack. They also sense touch, vibration and air flow. The second type of hair are the even tinier one these keep an eye out for pressure changes in the air. Curculation and Locomotion Spiders have an open circulatory system this means that they have no blood vessels or arteries. Instead, the blood oozes between the spiders flesh, and collects in little pockets on the underside of the body. A good circulation is very important to the spiders legs. When spiders don't get enough water, their legs fold up and they can't move them. Respiration Spiders have different kind of respitory systems. Some have a tubular tracheae, some have book lungs, and others have both. They first spiders to live had one or two pairpairs of book lungs. The spiders now days have one pair of book lungs and a pair of tubular tracheae. Digestion Spiders are th only animal to digest their food on the out side of their bodies. The gut of the spider is behind its stomach, and part of it goes into the front legs. This lets the spiders to live for days without eating. Venom Almost all spiders have venom glands. Most spider venoms are not harmful to us, but the black black widow and the brown recluse spiders will poisen us. Spider Silk What makes a spider a spider? They can spin a web. All spiders, even baby ones, have silk glands and spinning organs called spinnerets. The silk glands push the web out and the spinnerets weave the web. Works Cited First reference. The Comptons Interactive Enclopedia CD ROM. Additional reference. The Discovery Channel On-Line on the

How does Amy Tan link her first four stories in Joy Luck C essays

How does Amy Tan link her first four stories in Joy Luck C essays How does Amy Tan link her first four stories in Joy Luck Club? The author Amy Tan wrote Joy Luck Club the novel. In the novel, Amy Tan attempts to link the first four chapters, Joy Luck Club, Scar, The Red Candle and The Moon Lady together. Amy Tan based on the framework of the first chapter Joy Luck Club which was based on the Jing-mei Woo to create a connection on the other three protagonists. She linked the three chapters under the aspects of the structure of the writing, the similarities of the protagonists and the themes she stated in the novel under the main factor of Chinese beliefs and tradition. Amy Tan organises the structure of Joy Luck Club by constructing it as a structural device. Before she begun her story, she wrote a parable which gave the readers some hints about her story. This parable explains briefly what the story is mainly about. In the parable Amy Tan links the four stories by focusing on the mother and daughter relationship which is found in the four chapters. This is noticeable in the phrase In America Ive a daughter just like me. It also tells the readers that the stories involve places in China and America from the parable. This could be spotted in the phrase many years ago in Shanghai stretching its neck toward America. The parable also stated the thoughts of the four mothers in the story which is changing the lifestyles of their next generation. Amy Tan showed this with the phrase I will make her speak perfect American English. In each of the four stories, the protagonists tell their story in the Joy Luck Club within the Mah-jong table. Although Am y Tan aims to tell the story to us as readers, the protagonists are actually telling the story to the daughters too. This is to let the daughters know more about their mother. Amy Tan writes the four stories mainly using the format of first person...

The governance of international football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The governance of international football - Essay Example Representative, clean, transparent democracies operating at all levels of the football family, leading to self-regulation within football - FIFA, UEFA, member associations and their components would be sufficiently democratic, transparent and well-organized to avoid any form of external political intervention. UEFA should act as a representative voice for the European football family. The Union of European Football Associations, almost always referred to UEFA is the administrative and controlling body for European football. It represents the national football associations of Europe, runs Europe-wide national and club competitions, and controls the prize money, regulations and media rights to those competitions. (Wikipedia) UEFA was founded on June 15, 1954 in Basel, Switzerland following discussions between the French, Italian and Belgian FAs. The headquarters was in Paris until 1959 when the organisation moved to Bern. Henri Delaunay was the first General Secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the president. Its administrative centre since 1995 is in Nyon, Switzerland. It was initially made up of 25 national associations. Currently there are 53 associations. UEFA is one of the biggest of six continental confederations of FIFA. Of all the confederations, it is by far the strongest in terms of wealth and influence over the global game. Virtually all of the world's top players play in European leagues in part due to the salaries available from the world's wealthiest football clubs, particularly in England, France, Italy, Spain and Germany. Many of the world's strongest national sides are in UEFA. Of the 32 available spots in the 2006 World Cup, 14 were allocated to UEFA national teams.(Dyjan 49) Main Missions of UEFA Constitute Ensure a coherent approach to decision-makers and opinion-formers on issues of relevance to European football. Maintain good relations with the other continental football confederations and FIFA. Achieve commercial success and sound finances without distorting the sporting qualities of our competitions. Use UEFA's revenues to support re-investment and re-distribution in the game in accordance with the principle of solidarity between all levels and areas of sport. Target specific aid and assistance to help member associations with the greatest need. Promote positive sporting values, including fair play and anti-racism, as well as safe and secure match environments. (Dyjan 51) FIFA The Fdration Internationale de Football Association, known worldwide by its acronym FIFA, is the international governing body of Football (soccer) and the largest sporting organization in the world. Its headquarters are in Zrich, Switzerland, and its current president is Sepp Blatter. FIFA is responsible for the organisation and governance of football's major international tournaments, most notably the FIFA World Cup, held since 1930. FIFA is the largest sporting governing body and the second largest international organization in the world, after the United Nations, with over two hundred member associations split between six continental regions.(Wikipedia) The laws of football that govern the game are not solely the responsibility of FIFA; they are maintained by a body called the International Football

Critically evaluate the use of Anti suit injunctions in International Essay

Critically evaluate the use of Anti suit injunctions in International Arbitration - Essay Example However, the general perception is that anti-suit injunctions are an interference with disputes that are currently in foreign courts. Arbitration tribunals lack the coercive power that the courts have. As a result, the arbitration process faces several procedural challenges among them the lack of a consolidated proceeding for a common dispute. Thus, parallel proceedings can have divergent outcomes despite arising from a similar dispute3. Lack of precedence also means that awards obtained in specific arbitrations are not applicable to other cases. Strategic delays and their accompanying additional costs as well as breach of procedural deadlines also pose other challenges to the arbitration process. Therefore, anti-suit injunctions are a counter measure against international arbitration. Their employment in a proceeding is to protect public policy or jurisdiction where there are comity issues in the foreign jurisdiction. Comity is the recognition that a nation allows another in reference to judicial, executive and legislative acts. It gives due regard to international duty, convenience and the rights of all persons (citizens or otherwise) under a nations protection4. The subject of anti-suit injunctions in English courts is a controversial one with regard to the relationship between the English courts and foreign jurisdictions5. The 1966 Arbitration Act is a conceptual legislative framework that guides international and domestic arbitration in England and Wales (herein the UK). It has influences from the UNCITRAL Model Law (1985) on International Commercial Arbitration. The Brussels I regulation also has an influence on the decisions of anti-suit injunction in Private International Law. The European Union (EU) also allows the English court jurisdiction on the matter of equity where it applies double standards between the member and non-member states. The

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay Example for Free

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay To what extent was the atomic bomb used as a diplomatic ‘mater card’ by American policymakers at the end of the Second World War? In 1945, the unconditional surrender of German symbolized the victory of the war against Fascism in Europe. However, the situation in Far East was still extremely intention. In the 7th July of the same year, the leaders of American, Great Britain and Soviet Union - Truman, Churchill and Stalin held the third conference during the wartime in Potsdam. During the conference, the Potsdam Declaration was proposed in order to urge Japan to accept the requirement of unconditional surrender. Nevertheless, the leader of Japan ignored the declaration and refused to surrender. As a result, the America dropped two atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 6th and 9th in August 1945. The explosion of these two atomic bombs has brought enormous calamity to Japan. The bomb killed 140,000 inhabitants out of the total of 350,000 in Hiroshima, as well as 70,000 out of 270,000 people in Nagasaki. These huge numbers of death have largely led to the serious concern in the Japan to consider the surrender. In the 10th august, the Japan hand in the document of surrender. After 5 days, in 15th, the American accept the unconditional surrender proposed by Japan. If we looking back to the decision of dropping the atomic bomb, it is certainly an effective way in which it will promote the surrender of Japan in earlier time. However, it is not the only purpose of dropping the atomic bomb, in fact, as the lot of diplomatists have indicated, it is also a diplomatic strategy in dealing with the relationship with the Soviet Union. By using the atomic bomb, American will deter the Soviet Union and ensure American stand in a superior stage in deciding the world pattern in post-war period. To large extent, the atomic bomb is a ‘master card’ to contain Soviet Union rather than a tool to end the Second World War. It was certain that the Americans were willing to end the war as soon as possible by using atomic bombs. Both of America and Japan had paid high expense in the Pacific battlefield. Undoubtedly, to end the war would save a vast number of lives. Herbert Feis supplied evidence that one of the cogent reasons to use the atomic bomb was for military force, to push the war to end as soon as possible. It was until 15th August 1945, several days after the atomic booming event taken place, the empire of Japan declared  surrender. It was clear that the atomic bomb made influence on Japan’s surrender progress. However, as a matter of fact, the military power of Japan was disintegrated rapidly in 1945, meanwhile, allied nations had kept applying pressure to Japan. The defeat of Japan was for certain even without the bomb threatening. Thus, in other words, to large extent, the atomic bomb was not an instrument to end the Second World War. As the war against Fascism close to end in Europe, the Allies had concentrated their forces on Japan. Especially, in December1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor had significant blow on American people. In the speech after the big event, President Roosevelt asserted that ‘I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.’ Along with American’s entering the war, the trajectory of Japan began to decline. In the Midway Battle in 1942, it had cost Japan heavily by losing a mass of air and navy power. In addition, since 1944, the American navy had tightened the stranglehold towards Japan’s ships. In the late summer of the same year, the fail of Marianas Islands, including Saipan had pushed Japan to a severer condition. For the Marianas had been an important district as a defending perimeter, Japan was under the risk of within the range of B-29 bombings. The situation was moved rapidly, thus, the defense perimeter was broken and American forces had destroyed the navy and air force. By 1945, Japan was not able to declare large scaled air and sea battles. George, the commander of the Air Forces stated that Japan could do nothing without the support of sea and air power. Indeed, with America’s enormous industrial capacity, Japan was no longer a menace to America. This was why Henry, who was commanding Army Air forces said that the position of Japan was hopeless before the bomb fell for they had lose their air control. However, the worse was that a naval blockade strangled the key approach for Japan to import oil and other raw material. Japan could hardly to produce war materials, even the food. Without these essential supplements, Japan was indeed collapsed. Truman had written in his diary that ‘I have to decide Japanese strategy, shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade.’ In the eyes of American, the Japanese had to be obedient to American’s order. On the other hand, the invasion of Soviet Union had make a  key influence on Japan’s capitulate. With the victory of Stalingrad, the attitude of Soviet Union began to transfer. Even in the Yalta conference, Stalin promised that Soviet Union would attack Japan after the defeat of German. Ignoring the neutrality pact, the Operation August Storm was launched in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union started an attack on Japanese position in the area of Korea and Manchuria. During the two weeks’ wartime, Japan has lost 84,000 lives. The Soviet Union’s invasion made it hopeless for Japan to search help from Stalin to end the war peaceful. The Navy Chief Toyoda argued that, ‘I believe that the Russian participation in the war against Japan rather than the atom bombs did more to hasten the surrender.’ With the enormous of lose of military force; there was no ability for Japan to procrastinate surrender. In sum, the shortage of military force and the pressure from all the alliance nations made Japan a country around by various crises. Many experts are convinced that the bombs are almost unnecessary to end the war, for the surrender of Japan would be probably occur in any of events. In other words, the atomic bomb was not a conclusive factor to end the war. The atomic bomb, which was the most appalling weapon created in the 20 century, had played an important role for certain. Instead of ending the war, many experts had asserted that to large extent, the atomic bomb policy was used to contain the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, American had paid most attention to concern Soviet Union as a factor in the early progress of the bomb. Some scholars had the argument that there was never any illusion but Russia was the enemy of American. The president Roosevelt had also share the similar argument that the development of atomic strategy was a part of general diplomacy, which link the wartime situation and postwar affairs. Roosevelt also agreed with Churchill the opinion of using atomic bomb as an approach to bargain with the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the compromising policy of Roosevelt would not promote the atomic diplomacy insufficiently. In Einstein’s opinion, he argued that if President Roosevelt were still alive, he would forbid the act of atomic bombings.In the April of 1945, after the death of President Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman became a new American leader with swearing an oath. As a result of Roosevelt’s sudden death, Truman was relatively uninformed the policy towards the Soviet Union  and atomic bombs. Truman had stated that he would continue the foreign and domestic policy before, however, that he would be a president of his own belief. Without an integrated foreign policy, Truman was heavily influenced by the advisors. The lack of information about Soviet Union made the advisors easy to persuade Truman to adopt their suggestion of confronting the Soviet Union. It indicated the fundamental transition of diplomacy of America.In the other hand, after his rising to power, the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson introduced that the existence of ‘ the most urgent matter’ the bomb. Thus, Truman was full of confidence to achieve the superpower of American with the monopoly of nuclear power. Under his influence, the diplomacy of American had become offensive. In Truman’s opinion, the Soviet Union’s communist was a factor to prevent American hegemony. To Truman, the initial notion on the new weapon was a tool of diplomatic confrontation with Russia.It was a trend to use the atomic bomb as an instrument to contain the Soviet Union. In July of 1945, the atomic bomb action was put forward to discussion of the role, which the nuclear weapon would play to contain the Soviet Union. For another aspect, it was a colossal threaten to America that the invention of the Soviet Union army into the Pacific battle field. The atomic bomb was use to end the war earlier in order to avoid Soviet’s entry into the war. In the spring of 1945, the Soviet Union had achieved the victory of the Berlin Battle. The Soviet Union had been a dominant status in the European territory. Stalin also had the careerism to gain and expand the territory in East Asia. To occupy Japan was a positive tactics for Soviet Union to sally the Asian continent.Stalin stated that Russia would share the actual occupation of Japan before the explosion of the bombs. The American government had a concession of Stalin’s willing for the reason of a requirement of assistance from Russia to defeat Japan at the beginning in the Yalta Conference. However, along with the success of the testing of atomic bombs, Japan’s defeat was for certain. America was no longer with the requirement of Russia’s assistance. Stalin still tried to participate the war with Japan and America. The American government was not satisfied with Stalin’s decision with the hope of keeping Soviet Union out of Asia. If Russia were in the war against Japan, Russia would occupy other areas in  East Asia near Japan. In another word, Manchuria, Mongolia, and also Korea would gradually under Russia’s control. Stimson had provide a view of ‘If the Russians seek joint occupation after a creditable participation in the conquest of Japan, I do not see how we could refuse them at least a token occupation’ It has proved that America was under the risk of Soviet Union’ s entry into the war. The President Truman wrote in his book ‘Years of Decisions’ that he would not to allow Russians played any role to control Japan. Consequently, the Americans had a strong will to end the war as soon as possible to avoid the Soviet Union’s invasion. Byrnes, assistant to Secretary of State, had showed the argument to support ending the war before Russian’s joining in an interview. He asserted that the President Truman had shared the same view with him that it was necessary to get Japan defeated before the Russians came in the war. Similarly, Albert Einstein announced that by any means, to push the war to end should precede the participation of the Soviet Union.These are the evidence of that American were willing to end the war and to stall the Soviet Union’s entry. On 16th July 1945, in New Mexico, the success of testing the atomic bomb’s explosion had supplied an excellent chance to end the war. The assistant to Secretary of State, Byrnes, had suggested the President Truman that the bomb could be used as a way to reduce Soviet Union’s influence in Asia by ending the war. The atomic bomb, contain tremendous power when it occurs the nuclear fission reactions. The Americans had ability to urge Japan to surrender as soon as possible by holding such a weapon with huge lethality. If Japan was defeat by Americans before the Soviet Union’s assistance, there was no excuse for Soviet Union to invade East Asia area. From this aspect, the atomic bomb was used for contain Soviet Union’s invasion by ending the Pacific war as soon as possible. In addition, the make use of Atomic bombs was the nuclear threaten to the Soviet Union. To some extent, the atomic bomb would likely to strength the American military force in order to against Soviet Union. After germen’s defeat in 8th may 1945,the entire European continent seemed to be ready up for grab. As a matter of fact, one of the most considerable affaire to the Allied nations was to modify the world pattern. However, the Soviet Union has made a dominant place in Europe with expending large amount of territory  in the European continent. The Soviet Union has become the largest army to prevent America to achieve its hegemony monopolized in the world. The success of testing atomic bomb in new Mexico had provide a ‘master card’ for America to against the soviet union for the American has grasped the unique technological weapon with large power. Nevertheless, the development of atomic bomb was continually a secret before it’s testing. In the Potsdam conference, the president Truman had once tried to reveal that the America had had the nuclear power. In addition, the National Security Advisor, James Byrnes suggest Truman that to make a display of atomic bomb to the Soviet Union might become a tool to menace the Soviet Union, as well as to put the American into a positive situation at the end of the second world war. Similarly the president Truman has argued that in his belief that the atomic bomb would make positive effect on the position to strive for more territory at the end of the war. From Byrnes and Truman’s argument, it had been proved that the existence of atomic bombs itself was a huge risk to Soviet Union. To make Soviet Union realize that American had controlled the key technology of nuclear power as well as it had been in use, it was necessary to implement the atomic bomb policy with the global attention. Indeed, the atomic bomb increased the American army’s confidence dramatically. On the other hand, to Soviet Union, Stalin would not to compete against America directly as a result of such a weapon with lethality. In other words, the atomic bomb had played an important role to contain the Soviet Union. To conclude, the atomic bomb was a diplomatic ‘master card’ of containing The Soviet Union’s action instead of ending the war. It was certain that the surrender of Japan occurred several days after the atomic bomb’s explosion. The atomic bomb had made contribution on ending the war to some extent. However, Japan’s defeat was destined if the American policy makers didn’t make any decision of atomic bomb. For one thing, Japan was failed in many battles with a high expense of navy and air force. Even worse, the American army had cut the approach for Japan to import oil and raw materials. For another thing, the Soviet Union’s invasion was also a factor to promote Japan’s surrender. That is to say Japan’s surrender would occur in any case, the war would certainly had been end without the bomb. Instead of ending the war, the atomic bomb exerted its effectiveness to contain the Soviet Union.  In 1945, the President Truman’s rise to power had laid a foundation of the offensive diplomatic policy. To avoid Soviet Union’s expansion of territory, the atomic diplomatic strategy was used for against Stalin’s action. For one thing, the atomic bomb was used to end the war as soon as possible in order to prevent Soviet Union’s entry into Pacific battlefield. For another thing, the atomic bomb itself was deterrence for Soviet Union as the Americans had grasped the nuclear technology. In sum, the atomic bomb meet the requirement of defeating Japan, nevertheless, to be more accurate, the atomic bomb was a key step to deter Soviet Union’s global monopoly. Reference list Alperovitz, G., 1995. The decision to use the atomic bomb. London: Frontana Press Bird, K., Lifschultz, L., 1998 Hiroshima’s shadow. Michigan: Pamphletee†s Press P. 37 Cooper, J. W., 2006. Truman’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: http://www.johnwcooper.com [Accessed 24 November 2012] Dower, J. W., 1986. The war in western eyes, apes and others. In: War without mercy. New York: Pantheon Books Pp. 77-93 Frank, R. F., 1999 Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. United States of America: Penguin Books. Giovannitti, L.,Freed, F., 1965. The decision to drop the bomb. Great Britain: Methuen Co Ltd. Freeman, R., 2006. Was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] Hein, L., Selden, M., 1997 Living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. New York: M.E. Sharpe Leffler, M. P.,Painter D. S., 1994 the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history New York: Rouledge P. 59. Malloy, S. L., 2008. Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. United States of America: Cornell Paperbacks Milson, W.D., 2011. The most controversial decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 15. Preston, D., 2006 before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima: Corgi P. 493 Selden,M (1989), The atomic bomb voice from Hiroshima and Nagesaki. London: Kyoko, Mark Selden. P. 23. Smith, J. K., 2010 fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb: United States of America: Author house P. 17 Walker, J.S., 1996. The decision to use the bomb: a historiographical update. In: Hogan, M. J., 1996. Hiroshima, in history and memory. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge university press. Pp. 11- 37 [ 1 ]. L. Hein and M. Selden living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. (Great Britain 1965) P. 4 [ 2 ]. J. S. Walker Hiroshima, in history and memory. (Cambridge 1996) P. 11 [ 3 ]. J. K. Smith Fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb (2010 United States of America) P. 17 [ 4 ]. M. Selden voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1989 London) P. 23 [ 5 ]. R. Freeman was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [Online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] [ 6 ]. R. F. Frank Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. (1999 United States of America) P. 132 [ 7 ]. J. W. Dower war without mercy. (1986 New York) P. 83. [ 8 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 647 [ 9 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 645 [ 10 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 236. [ 11 ]. J. W. Cooper Truma n’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 24 November 2012] P. 6 [ 12 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 127 [ 13 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 125 [ 14 ]. M.P. Leffler and D. S. the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history (1994 New York) P. 59. [ 15 ]. S. L. Malloy Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. (2008 United States of America) P. 81-85 [ 16 ]. Miscamble.w.d. 2011. The most controversial decision, Truman, the atomic bombs, and the defeat of Japan. P. 15 [ 17 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 37 [ 18 ]. D. Preston before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima (2006) P. 493 [ 19 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 274 [ 20 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 17 [ 21 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 134

The Stone Angel - Theme of Pride :: Stone Angel

The Stone Angle - Theme of Pride Short Summation of Pride-Related Occurrences: The first reference to pride is in the second sentence of the novel: Hagar describes the Stone Angel as "my mother's angel that my father bought in pride to mark her bones and proclaim his dynasty†¦" (3). Hagar's father was a very proud man, a trait that was passed on to his daughter, and he takes great pride in this "terribly expensive" statue, which "had been brought from Italy" †¦ "and was pure white marble" (3). Hagar recollects exhibiting her pride as early as age 6 when she says "There was I, strutting the board sidewalk like a pint-sized peacock, resplendent, haughty, hoity-toity, Jason Currie's black-haired daughter" (6). Jason Currie was a "self-made man" who "had pulled himself up by his bootstraps" (7). Hagar was very proud of her father's success, seeing as how "he had be gun without money" (14). Hagar's father, because he worked so hard, took great pleasure in his store. She says, "Father took such pride in the store - you'd have thought it was the only one on earth. It was the first in Manawaka, so I guess he had due cause. He would lean across the counter, spreading his hands, and smile so wonderfully you'd feel he welcomed the world" (9). Mr. Currie had excessive self-esteem, as seen when the Reverend Dougall MacCulloch was calling out the names of the people who had contributed to help build the new church. Jason Curried leaned over and arrogantly said to his daughter "I and Luke McVitie must've given the most, as he called our names the first" (16).

Asia in Word War II Essay

World War II was the war that was supposed to end all wars. If one was an eyewitness of the said event more than 50 years ago, it is hard not to agree. The scale of the war was unprecedented. Millions of men and women were involved either as fighting in the front lines, being part of the support crew and team or by working as factory workers that supplied equipment and munitions. It was truly a global war because significant battles were fought not only in Europe but also in Asia. What the Nazis were to Europe, the Japanese Imperial Army was to Asia. They were a dominant force in countries such as China and Korea. They were able to terrorize and subjugate these two countries but it is not only in these territories that they flexed their military might. They also went southeast. This paper will look into the Japanese occupation of Southeast Asian countries: a) Philippines; b) Indonesia; c) Thailand; and d) Vietnam. The paper will attempt to find how the people from different regions and nations reacted towards Japanese occupation. Whether the people accepted Japanese rule or rejected them the factors and forces that are working for and against the Japanese will also be investigated. Occupying Force It does not require a rocket scientist or a gray-haired historian to realize that no people or nation will be delighted to find a foreign and invading army on their front yard the following morning. It is just plain unacceptable to find someone or something that disrupting someone’s routine. In the case of an occupying army the distraction and the aggravation is multiplied many times over. At the onset it can generally be said that no one – not even nice people fifty years earlier – would provide a red carpet welcome for the invading imperial forces. But a basic understanding of human nature can tell the first time researcher that in times of war the most basic human instinct that kicks in is self-preservation and that he will do everything to make his lot better even for his family. The following will discuss the situation in four Asian countries located in the southeast. All have similarities and also differences. For example, the Philippines was already under U. S. rule although it was being groomed for independence from the Americans. There was a significant military presence and for decades the Filipinos – at least the elite and others who occupy important positions – were collaborating with the Americans on various political issues. Vietnam was under French forces and based on the review of literature one can easily detect the dislike of the Vietnamese for their French rulers. This may explain their ambivalence over the Japanese occupation. Thailand on the other hand did not have a long history of colonization that may also have affected their view of the incoming Japanese forces. Indonesia was at the beginning stages of forming their national identity and the coming of the Japanese made for an interesting mix that generally favored the Indonesians. A more in-depth look will be found in the following pages. Elite vs. Peasants An accurate understanding on the effects of the Japanese Imperial Army’s occupation of the southeast region of Asia will not be possible without first understanding the role of the different social classes. Asia fifty or more years ago had a hierarchical society where the gap between rich and poor is so distinct. There were landed nobles and there were peasants doing back breaking labor. When the Japanese came, the invading army was like an equalizer of some sort. There are no rich and poor for the aggressor who is bent on subjugating a populace. For the Japanese soldier everyone is a Filipino, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Thai. Everyone are considered as the enemy which with the slightest advantage will not hesitate to overthrow or rout the occupying forces. But there are numerous sources and documentary evidence that can prove connivance between the ruling elites of the land and the invading army. This is not hard to understand because a wise general will always recognize the clout and capability of the members of the higher social classes in terms of helping them control the situation or on the opposite end aid others in setting up a guerilla movement to harass them. It then became a tricky political and social arrangement between the Japanese and the elite members of society who can be so practical in their outlook that they will be willing to be complicit with the enemy because there is no point in continually opposing their presence. This is the case of all Southeast Asian nations mentioned earlier. Atrocities Another factor that needs to be discussed first before going into the detailed description of local events is the mental and emotional baggage carried around by all the nations in the region even before the coming of the Japanese. This burden that they carry is the idea that the imperial army’s ranks are filled with blood-thirsty and sex crazed officers and men that will mutilate any nation that they will occupy. Before the bombing of the Pearl Harbor – which is the clear and irrevocable signal that the Japanese were in league with Hitler and Mussolini – the Japanese already showed signs of Nazi like ambitions. While Hitler wanted to gain control of Europe, Japan displayed its liking for Asian domination and so in 1937 the said army invaded China. In Nanking the world saw what Japanese soldiers are capable of when let loose in enemy territory. The following is an eyewitness account of what happened in the days following their invasion of China and it will be known later as the infamous Nanking Massacre: Foreigners who have traveled over the city report many civilians’ bodies lying in the streets †¦ A considerable percentage of the dead civilians were the victims of shooting or bayoneting in the afternoon and evening of the 13th, which was the time of Japanese entry into the city. Any person who ran in fear or excitement, and any one who was caught in streets or alleys after dusk by roving patrols was likely to be killed on the spot. Most f the severity was beyond even theoretical excuse. It proceeded in the Safety Zone as well as elsewhere, and many cases are plainly witnessed by foreigners and reputable Chinese. Some bayonet wounds were barbarously cruel (Zhang, 2001, p. 4). This kind of report will easily spread throughout the Asian region and it would have easily filtered to the local population of every nation. This will explain the reason why there are those who steeled themselves for Japanese invasion and vowed never to be under Japanese rule. Zhang argues that if the Nanking Massacre did not happen, the Japanese Army would have expected a far better reception in other countries but the atrocities in China was well known and he wrote, â€Å"At Nanking the Japanese Army has lost much of its reputation, and has thrown away a remarkable opportunity to gain the respect †¦ of foreign opinion† (p. 4, 2001).

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